"Heavenly Creatures" states that Pauline's Diary for 1953 was a "Whitcombe's New Zealand Handy Diary." On the outside front cover it said "The Handy Diary for 1953." Inside the front cover were advertisements for a pen (left) and Edmond's Quality Products (right). Overleaf were tabulated 'handy facts' and The first page for January 1 was facing, on the right.
These facts have not been independently verified. If accurate, there were no blank pages at the front for the tabulation of the 'Saints' (see below), in which case the table would have had to have been near the front of the '53 diary on an unused regular page.
It has been verified from trial testimony that Pauline's father, Herbert Rieper, gave Pauline her diaries as a present. He was asked if he had ever read them, and he replied that he hadn't because that wouldn't have been honest. [jp]
Police photographer William McDonald Ramage testified during the trial that seven diary pages had been photographed and these photos were entered into evidence. Crown Prosecutor Brown stated that these were the pages which referred directly to murder. Published photographs of Pauline's diary entries reveal that the diary pages were headed:
MONTH Year
(4-digit)
Date DAY
day#--days left
and that the pages were unlined and unruled. Pauline began writing from the far left, not indenting the first line, level with the 'day#--days left#' and she actually embedded these numbers in the first line of her entry for the day. She did not rule her own margins and they were wavy along the left of the page, but not ragged. She wrote starting close to the left of the page and ran all the way to the right edge of the paper. Pauline's lines were evenly spaced, quite straight, parallel and square with the page, all of which indicates much practice at freehand writing (typists and word processors try it--it's hard. Then try it lying down in bed!). She often continued words rather than waste the space and start them fresh on the next line, breaking them appropriately but not bothering with hyphens at either side of the break. Pauline also used non-standard abbreviations for small words such as "with" and "and" and she edited her sentences as she wrote them to correct grammar or to make ideas clearer, according to the surviving photos. She would cross out words and write corrections above the line, but did not use typographic editing marks to indicate where the corrections should be placed, exactly.
It is clear that Pauline wrote in ink, with a fountain pen. Her writing is even, not changing in size on a page, quite small and remarkably legible overall, once the reader gets used to it. A graphologist could say more about it, no doubt. However, there is some question about Pauline's use of punctuation. In the surviving photos, she does seem to be a little lax when it comes to the use of commas and periods, using them sparingly and, in a way, for emphasis. Pauline does use dashes correctly. Unfortunately, none of the surviving entries contains an interrogatory sentence. All official police transcripts omit question marks completely. It would be an unusual habit for Pauline not to write them, especially since writing a question mark is one of the sensual pleasures of writing with a pen and ink and they form natural pauses in the process of writing and provide dramatic emphasis. I have tended to place question marks in the quotations assembled below, but the reader is warned that the issue is not a clear-cut one. [jp]
According to NZ law enforcement and Department of Justice officials, Pauline Parker's diaries do not exist anymore and haven't for many years. [mf]
Glamuzina & Laurie give the following information about the diaries in their book (abbreviated G? in this section, see 7.7): (p. 76)
There are two diaries - one for the whole of 1953, and one for 1954 up until 22 June, the day of the murder. The 1953 diary begins with a brief synopsis of important times during 1952 and includes a number of poems. The original diaries were transcribed for the defence and the prosecution. In transcripts, the 1953 diary contains 120 pages, with entries completed for nearly every day. The partially completed diary contains fifty-two pages, again with almost daily entries.As we were unable to locate the original diaries we have used quotations as they appear in the official transcripts. However, these contain a number of omissions (marked in the transcript) and errors - for example, the word 'Christmas-sy' instead of 'Christmas-ish' and 'ike' instead of 'idea'. We were able to identify these as errors by comparing the transcripts with newspaper photographs of pages from the original diary and by reading the Supreme Court trial transcripts, which record the discussion and correction during the trial of the misspelt word, 'idea'. (p. 76)
Juliet Hulme may also have kept a diary. Comments in Pauline's diaries strongly suggest this. However, after the murder the police were unable to find any diary. There were rumours that her diary had been destroyed prior to her arrest, but these were never substantiated. (pp. 76-77).
Medlicott's article in Brit. J. Med. Psych. (abbreviated M in this section, see 7.8.1) contained many diary entries, though obviously obtained from notes made from the official diary transcripts and/or the trial transcript. The chapter by Gurr and Cox (see 7.7) contains photographs of the actual diary entries for June 21, 1954 and June 22, 1954. [jp]
Here are some statements about the diaries made by Jackson in an interview with David Lyman: "The Man Behind Heavenly Creatures: An Interview with Peter Jackson" printed on the WWW by Film.com/Point of Presence Company:
"Jackson hoped he would find some of the answers in Pauline Parker's diaries... The diaries provided him a spellbinding, day-by-day account of the girls' desperation and of Pauline's escalating hatred for her mother. They chronicle the pair's darkening fantasies and the contempt in which they held nearly everyone around them."There's a lot of it that is rather witty, as well," said Jackson. ... "There's a whole section where they fantasize about marrying James Mason. And they're not sure whether or not James Mason is married, so they resolve to murder his wife so that they can get their hands on him."" [sb]
The quotations from Pauline Parker's diaries given below have been gathered from a large number of sources; all sources are listed somewhere in section 7 but rigorous referencing has not been followed in this section because it would be extremely cumbersome. Often, quotes from different sources vary in content and syntax. In combining quotations, they have been weighted, based on the 'quality' of the source. Conflicts in grammar have been resolved by noting that Pauline Parker was described as a gifted writer by several authorities, though it is apparent she had her own pet idiosyncrasies, too. The events surrounding these quotations can be obtained from the time line, section 7.3.
The dates of some entries are not known precisely. Verbal testimony may have introduced some errors; newspaper transcripts of the verbal testimony sometimes disagree about dates; there may have been errors in the 'official' police transcripts of the diaries; there may have been errors in the notes made by Medlicott from the transcripts and likewise in Bennett's notes. Uncertainty in dates has generally been noted below.
When the principal source for a quote is the "Heavenly Creatures" voiceover, a note has been made. This is because, where comparisons with other sources can be made, it is clear that the "Heavenly Creatures" voiceover tends to be heavily edited for dramatic effect, often to the point of changing the meaning or context of the quote, unfortunately.
Medlicott's article, Glamuzina & Laurie and the published diary photos revealed that Pauline Parker invariably capitalized her 'Mother,' (see especially the entry for June 21, '54) her 'Father,' many of her generic references to JMH's parents, their 'Saints' (though see June 21 '54) and their 'Gods.' Henry Hulme was almost invariably 'Dr Hulme' and Hilda Hulme was most often 'Mrs Hulme,' though there are a few intriguing and important entries where Pauline refers to them possessively as 'Mother' and 'Father.' There are entries where 'the Hulmes' become 'we' and their possessions become 'ours.' Ilam is usually referred to by name but, again, it is sometimes 'home.'
'Family' is a flexible concept in Pauline's diaries, sometimes referring to imaginary persons, but this is usually clear from the context, counter to the impression given by contemporary press articles. Wendy is referred to by her proper Christian name, as are the boarders, even though some were much older than Pauline. Miss Stewart is 'Stew' in some places. Trial testimony indicated that Mr Perry was 'Mr Bloody Perry' in many places, though this seems to have been edited out of published accounts. Pauline often used numerals to abbreviate numbers, especially with regard to time, and she used the numeral to refer to the '4th World.' She and Juliet referred to it as 'Paradise' by 1954. She did not hyphenate 'to-day' or 'to-morrow' unlike the official transcripts and the press reports of the day. In fact, it seems most likely that the diary transcripts were made by stenographers recording the flat, monotone verbal record of a person reading the diary entries.
From the context of several entries, it would seem that Pauline most often used euphemisms to refer to or to describe sexual or erotic events or ideas. The label 'Saints,' in particular, apparently took on double-entendre connotations as time went by, though this is obviously open to interpretation. Some imaginary characters seem to have had very specialized physical characteristics [thought: I wonder if the Ilam library had any collections of Aubrey Beardsley's cartoons. Anne Perry says Oscar Wilde was a favourite author. jp] and so references to them and their names may also have been used as erotic euphemisms. [jp]
The Saints Mario Lanza = Poor Mario = HE | James Mason = The James = HIM | Harry Lime = Harry III = IT | Mel Ferrer = The Angry Man = THIS |- THEY Suie Bjuling = The Last One = THAT | Guy Rolfe = King John = HIS | WHOSE + THEY = THEM THEY + WE = US WHOSE + WE = WHICH Monsieur de la Tour d'Azyr = Gervais = WHAT Rupert of Hentzau = Rupeit = WHO
[note: PYP did not refer to Orson Welles by name, but as his character name 'Harry Lime' from "The Third Man." Crown Prosecutor Alan Brown knew who Harry Lime was, but it was clear from trial testimony that neither Medlicott nor Bennett did. 'Suie Bjuling' is probably the tenor Jussi Bjorling, who was a popular recording artist around that time [sb,lfr]. It would appear from PYP's diary entries that James Mason was the principal Saint in real life. G?, (on p. 62) claim that the Ceylonese students were referred to as "THEM" which does not seem consistent with these data. Perhaps they are "WHOSE." jp]
[note: Quoted by G?, p. 77, as an example of a misleading quote taken out of context during the trial. In context, it was part of a description of PYP's helping to 'muster sheep' while visiting a farm, through the Methodist Church PYP and Wendy attended. G? noted the allusion to Churchill's 'famous speech' though didn't identify it or give the original quote. It was:
Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.Winston Churchill
Tribute to the Royal Air Force,
House of Commons, Aug. 20, 1940.
which followed Britain's triumph over Goering's L?ftwaffe in the "Battle of Britain." Note that PYP used the same allusion in an ironic sense when Nicholas was caught in her bed by HD Rieper. jp]
[note: This is such an important point, but G? don't discuss it. Was this the beginning of the boarders? I don't know what "Training College" refers to, though there is a Teachers Training College now located just west of Ilam in Christchurch. If this is what PYP was referring to, it would be very significant in terms of PYP's academic environment at home, and in terms of giving her role models. It is possible that the boarders were, on the whole, quite an intellectual bunch if they were all University students and teachers-in-training. jp]
"Mother kicked up a fuss about the way I always insist on doing the dishes and not letting anyone help. She says it worries her to think I'm working too hard."
[note: Jackson & Walsh used John as the model for 'Nicholas' in "Heavenly Creatures." Note the comment about 'damn.' jp]
[note: This is Juliet's first quoted appearance. Jackson & Walsh use this as the basis for the "Meet the Riepers" scene. jp]
[note: From Medlicott's trial testimony. Was this when PYP wrote "The Ones That I Worship"? jp]
[note: There actually is a small island offshore at Port Levy. "Genii" is being used as a logical, though unusual, plural for genius. G?, p. 62, quote "...on two days every year we may use the ray..." and "...which we are lucky enough..." They also note that PYP recorded in her diary that she was menstruating at this time (unfortunately not quoted--PYP's slang reference or 'code' for menstruation could be important in the context of recent statements made by Anne Perry. Ms Perry claims that PYP did not sneak out at night to see a 'lover' named 'Nicholas' but used a male name as a slang for visiting the bathroom.). PYP's menstruating at Port Levy was interpreted to be a very significant fact by a Maori Tohunga G? consulted for a traditional interpretation of the events (pp. 147-8). The Port Levy (Puaui) area contains several sites of particular spiritual significance to the Maori. jp]
[note: Fact and approximate date from trial transcript and Medlicott. Source of quote "HC" voiceover. In context of the correct timeline it is clear that "not lost.." refers to the previous attempt halted at PYP's request and not the incident which led to Nicholas' expulsion from the Riepers as implied in "HC". jp]
[note: G? p. 64 noted the part about the disagreement with a boy but left off all mention of wiping out people, which was Medlicott's observation. jp]
"I rose late and helped Mother vigorously this morning. Deborah rang and we decided to use a rock in a stocking rather than a sand-bag. We discussed the moider fully. I feel very keyed up, as though I were plan ning a surprise party. Mother has fallen in with everything beautifully and the happy event is to take place tomorrow afternoon. So next time I write in this diary Mother will be dead . How odd -- yet how pleasing. I have discussed various odd saints w her today as I thought it would be interesting to have her opinion . She loathes That & It. I washed my hair this afternoon. I came to bed at 1/4 to 9."
[note: This entry has been transcribed by me from a published photograph of the actual diary entry. The content of each line is the same as the diary, and the margins and spacing within the lines have been made roughly consistent with the lines in the diary, although the right margin is even for lines 1-5, indented 2 spaces for line 6, indented 6 or 7 spaces for lines 7 and 8, then aligned with the margin again for lines 9-11. Comparison with the 'official' version quoted by G? (p. 75) reveals several errors in their version, either original transcription errors made by the police or errors introduced by G?, since they mentioned that they had access to these photos and they corrected some errors here and elsewhere. Published versions also differ from this one.
Points of note: "sand-bag" was hyphenated. This has always seemed such an odd choice of weapon, but the Concise Oxford Dictionary offers this definition: "sandbag. 4(c) as ruffian's weapon inflicting heavy blow without leaving mark." Leather coshes filled with lead shot were popular weapons in crime films from the 30s and 40s; in American popular culture these were referred to as "saps" and being "sapped" was the same as being "sandbagged," both popular expressions in pulp fiction for being hit and rendered unconscious from behind.
The "keyed up" sentence was obviously seen to be an important one to get right because it was edited twice. First, the beginning of 'was' was crossed out and the subjunctive "were" was written above it. "Planning" was written as a hyphenated word (with no hyphen) because it came at the right-hand edge of the page, yet it wasn't simply written beginning on the next line, to save space. The word "surprise" was inserted above the line, falling between "a" and "party" but there was no editing mark.
The word "Mother" immediately following "party" was written slowly, with exceptional care and penmanship for PYP (who tended to be a slightly sloppy writer). The "M" was beautifully done and, unlike her custom when she was in a hurry, the "t" and "h" in the "th" were clearly separated and the "t" was crossed. (PYP's "th"s often look like tall and skinny "U"s in these passages), and it was dead level on the page and there is a large space between "Mother" and "has." The "the" before "happy" was also written above the line, after crossing out the beginning of some other word that might have been "hap," so the sentence may have originally ended after "beautifully" and been added to, piecemeal.
The next two sentences are critical, of course, but looking at them carefully indicates that they were written almost hesitantly, or at least slowly and with several pauses. The details are, to me, very poignant. Based on the changes in slope and spacing, it looks as if the first sentence was written: "So" "next time I write in this diary" "Mother" "will be" "dead" "." The word "dead" stands out as the one by far the most out of horizontal on the whole page and the slope is in the opposite sense to "will be." To me, this says that Pauline stopped writing, shifted her position and adjusted her book at the very least before writing that last word of the sentence. And there was even a pause after writing it, before the period. The most obvious period on the page is the one after "dead." It is set off far from the word "dead," all by itself between the sentences, and it is particularly dark.
The next sentence beginning at "How odd" is not in line with "be dead" but it is once again straight, parallel with the rest of the text and fluid in its penmanship. It is also noticeably generous in the space allotted to the words, and it includes a rather long dash. There is a large blank space after "how," which puts "pleasing" by itself, for emphasis, at the beginning of the next line. It looks to me like Pauline paused and thought again for some moments at least at that preceding isolated period. Then she came to some kind of forward resolve, and the whole next sentence is just a kind of punctuation mark or bravado. The following sentences are back to a trajectory that returns to the extraordinarily, eerily mundane.
PYP did not hyphenate "to-morrow" or "to-day" unlike the press accounts of the day. The sentences after "pleasing" look cramped, a little messy and rushed. The word "saints" probably does not have a capital "S" here, as the "s" is very similar to the one at the beginning of "sand" and "surprise," and is smaller than the one in "So" and "She." The contraction "w" is used for "with" in the next sentence and it may have an acute accent above it (or a random ink mark)--the 'standard' way of symbolizing the word is a small "c" (abbreviation for the Latin 'cum') with a bar over it. Only the first letters of "That" and "It" were capitalized, and the symbol used for "and" was similar to a small script "e." The words "hair this" were joined at the far right of the page because the page may have lifted with the pen. The next "to" almost looks scrubbed out. The periods for the last two sentences are either very faint or absent. PYP used numerals and a proper fraction in the last sentence.
Though there is always the danger of over-interpretation, it is really a pity that the bulk of the original diary pages are no longer available for study. This actual entry was so informative compared to second- and third-hand transcripts. jp]
1954, June 22 (Tues). [sb,mk] "The Day of The Happy Event."
"I am writing a little of this up in the morning before the death. I felt very excited and 'The night before Christmas ish' last night. I did not have pleasant dreams though. I am about to rise. |"
[note: This version was transcribed by me from a clear photographic image of the actual diary entry, found in the literature. The wording of the lines exactly matches the lines of the actual diary entry. "The Day of The Happy Event" was printed in small, neat, upright script across the very top of the page, above the "June 1954" that ran at the top of the pages for that month. The police mis-transcribed the third sentence as "'the-night-before-Christmassy'" and that is how it was entered into testimony and widely reported in the press. The phrase was actually not hyphenated, and it was enclosed in single apostrophies. PYP did not hyphenate words which ran over a line in this or the previous day's entry, so there was no hyphen after "Christmas" or before "ish."
Curiously, after making an issue of "ish'" in several places in their book and stating that they, too, used the photographs of this key entry as a source, G? (p. 75) also misquote many details of this very important diary entry.
The entry for June 22 was written on the morning of June 22, before the murder, counter to PYP's habit of recording events after they happened. It was cramped up at the top of the page exactly the same way the previous day's entry had begun, leaving lots of space below. The vertical line after "rise." was probably PYP's way of indicating pauses within a day's entries. Hence, there was every indication that she expected to return later to write up the events of the day. The police transcript interpreted it as an exclamation mark, but that is clearly an error. The penmanship in this entry was not studied or different from the entry of June 21, except the letters are a little less-well defined. The lines are parallel, square and evenly-spaced, the left margin ramrod straight. There is no evidence of long pauses or shifts in position in this entry. The entry doesn't look like a careful 'farewell' note in the least. This was the last diary entry. jp]
Other references and quotations not dated (though probably all come from the period Feb. - June 1954, from their content):
"Mother gave me a fearful lecture along the usual strain. I rang Deborah immediately as I had to tell someone sympathetic how I loathed Mother." ["HC" voiceover, approx. early April '54 by "HC" time line. jp]
Referring to a new purchase being made by Dr Hulme for the Hulme household, PYP wrote: "we are getting a radiogram worth sixty pounds." [G?, p. 66. Very, very unfortunately not quoted more extensively or dated. This is potentially an extremely important quote, being one of those which could indicate that PYP identified with being a member of the Hulme family. jp]
There were other references to shoplifting (at Woolworths).
The detective stated that the note commenced with a reference to Pauline finding herself in an unexpected place. She then made reference to having committed her 'moider'. She then went on to write about the treatment she had received: "All the Hulmes have been wonderfully kind and sympathetic. Anyone would think I've been good. I've had a pleasant time with the police talking 19 to the dozen and behaving as though I hadn't a care in the world." There were then several sentences he couldn't remember but the final sentence was: "I haven't had a chance to talk to Deborah properly but I am taking the blame for everything." [Medlicott]
Although the official word is that the diaries were destroyed, an intriguing, anonymous comment was posted to the Heavenly Creatures discussion group a few years ago that claimed, in a circumspect and roundabout manner, that the diaries were"safe" and being well taken care of! While this person's identity was (and remains) a mystery, it raises the possibility that the original diary was not destroyed, but is safe and sound. Of course, it may be years - or never - before it's made public, but in the meantime one can only hope...